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Ethiopia is a melting pot of ancient Middle Eastern and African cultures, which is clearly evidenced in the religion, ethnic and language composition of its Semitic, Cushitic, Omotic and Nilotic people. With a total population of 63.5 million, the annual population growth is about 3 percent. The economically active age group (between ages 14 and 60) make up about 50 percent of the population. Approximately 85 percent of the population are rural dwellers.

Amharic, Oromigna and Tigrigna are the major languages used by two thirds of the population. Amharic is the official language of the Federal Government. English is the medium of instruction at secondary schools, junior colleges, and universities, and is widely used in business transactions, particularly in banking and insurance. To some extent Arabic, Italian and French are also spoken.

While Christianity and Islam are the main religions in the country, other traditional religions are also practiced, particularly in the south. The state does not discriminate against religious groups.